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The United States Census Bureau (USCB; officially the Bureau of the Census, as defined in Title ) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for producing data about the American people and economy. The primary mission of the Census Bureau is conducting the U.S. Census every ten years, which allocates the seats of the U.S. House of Representatives to the states based on their population.〔 In addition to the decennial census, the Census Bureau continually conducts dozens of other censuses and surveys, including the American Community Survey, the U.S. Economic Census, and the Current Population Survey.〔USCB DOC-D1026 QVC Manual 01/03/09〕 Furthermore, economic and foreign trade indicators released by the federal government typically contain data produced by the Census Bureau. The various censuses and surveys conducted by the Census Bureau help allocate over $400 billion in federal funds every year and help states, local communities, and businesses make informed decisions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What We Do – About Us – U.S. Census Bureau )〕 The Census Bureau is situated within the U.S. Department of Commerce and its director is appointed by the President of the United States. ==Legal mandate== The Constitution of the United States (Article I, section II) directs that the population be enumerated at least once every ten years and the resulting counts used to set the number of members from each state in the House of Representatives and, by extension, in the Electoral College. The Census Bureau now conducts a full population count every 10 years in years ending with a 0 (zero) and uses the term "decennial" to describe the operation. Between censuses, the Census Bureau makes population estimates and projections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Census Population Estimates )〕 In addition, Census data directly affects how more than $400 billion per year in federal and state funding is allocated to communities for neighborhood improvements, public health, education, transportation and much more. The Census Bureau is mandated with fulfilling these obligations: the collecting of statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureau's legal authority is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code. The Census Bureau also conducts surveys on behalf of various federal government and local government agencies on topics such as employment, crime, health, consumer expenditures, and housing. Within the bureau, these are known as "demographic surveys" and are conducted perpetually between and during decennial (10-year) population counts. The Census Bureau also conducts economic surveys of manufacturing, retail, service, and other establishments and of domestic governments. Between 1790 and 1840, the census was taken by marshals of the judicial districts.〔(History 1790 ). US Census Bureau.〕 The Census Act of 1840 established a central office〔(History 1840 ). US Census Bureau.〕 which became known as the Census Office. Several acts followed that revised and authorized new censuses, typically at the 10-year intervals. In 1902 the temporary Census Office was moved under the Department of Interior, and in 1903 it was renamed the Census Bureau under the new Department of Commerce and Labor. The department was intended to consolidate overlapping statistical agencies, but Census Bureau officials were hindered by their subordinate role in the department.〔(History: 1900 Overview ). US Census Bureau.〕 An act in 1920 changed the date and authorized manufacturing censuses every 2 years and agriculture censuses every 10 years.〔 In 1929, a bill was passed mandating that the House of Representatives be reapportioned based on the results of the 1930 Census.〔(History 1920 ). US Census Bureau.〕 In 1954, various acts were codified into Title 13 of the US Code.〔(History 1954 ). US Census Bureau.〕 By law the Census Bureau must count everyone and submit state population totals to the U.S. President by December 31 of any year ending in a zero. States within the Union receive the results in the spring of the following year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States Census Bureau」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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